Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer whose mastery of harmony, counterpoint, and sacred music shaped the entire Western musical tradition. His chorales became foundational to Lutheran worship and influenced countless hymn settings.

His harmonized chorales include settings used for O Sacred Head Now Wounded, Wake Awake for Night Is Flying, and many others that became central to Lutheran hymnody.

Bach collaborated with clergy, musicians, and choirs in Leipzig, producing music that supported weekly worship and major church festivals.